Our closest relative
Diet: Omnivore, with a preference for fruits (frugivore). They also eat leaves, seeds, buds, bark, honey, insects, birds and their eggs, and small to medium-sized mammals, including primates (monkeys).
Habitat: Equatorial primary forests and savannas in central and western Africa
Along with bonobos, they are the great apes that most resemble humans: we share about 99% of the genetic load. In other words, chimpanzees are closer to men than to gorillas, for example.
For this and several other reasons, chimpanzees are very special animals, and they have always aroused our curiosity for their sensitivity and intelligence. They have also always been widely used in research and experimentation, most of the time, unfortunately, in an unethical way.
In the 1960s, British primatologist Jane Goodall was the first person to observe, in her field research in Tanzanian forests, chimpanzees creating and using tools. It was a major watershed in the way humanity came to see chimpanzees and non-human animals in general.
In nature, chimpanzees live in communities that can range from 20 to 150 members, led by a male. But most of the time subgroups are formed that travel over a wider area with different goals.
This type of society is known as “fission-fusion”, because the groups have different formation and size profiles and complement each other. For example, an all-male group might aim to hunt. One of females that have just had children can function as a kind of nursery for the young.
According to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List, chimpanzees are classified as “Endangered” (Endangered). The population in the wild is in decline, with the main threats being the destruction of its habitat (urban and industrial development and global warming) and poaching for illegal activities.
Due to all the similarities with humans and the numerous evidence collected over the years, there is a proposal to change the scientific classification of chimpanzees and bonobos. A group of scientists proposes changing the genus Pan to the genus Homo, like us Homo sapiens. In addition to further highlighting our proximity, it is believed that this adaptation may be important to increase investments in species conservation efforts.